在DirectX程序中我们可以自定义多个不同数据格式的顶点缓冲区，本例我们定义了三个顶点缓冲区(在DX9中应该最大可以支持16个)存放顶点位置，颜色和纹理的坐标。通过鼠标拖曳旋转物体，按键1和2控制纹理的采样方式最近点采样(最近点采样和线性纹理过滤)
我们先看以下代码:
//********************************************************************
// Filename: Main.cpp
// Author: Chinafish
// Modifier: Chinafish
// Created: 2011-05-11 16:52
// Updated: 2011-05-11 16:52
// QQ: 149200849
// MSN: china_fish@msn.com
// Purpose: Multiple Vertex buffer.
//====================================================================
// Copyright(C) 2004-2011 by Chinafish. All Rights Reserved.
//********************************************************************
#define STRICT
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include "windows.h"
// Link D3D
#include "d3d9.h"
#include "d3dx9.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx9.lib")
#define Release_Safe(p){if(p!=NULL) p->Release();}
#define WINDOW_TITLE "www.csinx.org - Multiple Vertex Buffer (DX9+VC9)"
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 800
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 600
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GLOBALS
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HWND g_hWnd = NULL;
LPDIRECT3D9 g_pD3D = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 g_pTexture = NULL;
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS g_d3dpp;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVertexBuffer = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pColorBuffer = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pTexCoordBuffer = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXDECLARATION9 g_pVertexDeclaration;
float g_fSpinX = 0.0f;
float g_fSpinY = 0.0f;
int g_nNumVertex = 0;
// 图片数据
BYTE g_TexData[] = {
0x42, 0x4D, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0
};
struct Vertex
{
float x, y, z;
};
// 顶点位置
Vertex g_VertexData[] =
{
{-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f },
{-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f },
{ 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f },
{-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
{-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f },
{-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
{-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f },
{-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f },
{-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f },
{ 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f },
{ 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f },
{-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f },
{-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f },
{-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
{-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f }
};
struct Color
{
DWORD color;
};
// 顶点颜色
Color g_VertexColor[] =
{
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }
};
struct TexCoord
{
float tu, tv;
};
// 纹理坐标
TexCoord g_TexCoord[] =
{
{ 0.0f, 0.0f },
{ 1.0f, 0.0f },
{ 0.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 0.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 0.0f, 0.0f },
{ 0.0f, 1.0f },
{ 0.0f, 0.0f },
{ 1.0f, 0.0f },
{ 0.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 0.0f, 0.0f },
{ 1.0f, 0.0f },
{ 0.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 0.0f, 0.0f },
{ 1.0f, 0.0f },
{ 0.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 1.0f, 0.0f },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f },
{ 0.0f, 0.0f },
{ 0.0f, 1.0f }
};
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// PROTOTYPES
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow);
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
void InitD3D();
void ShutDown(void);
void Render(void);
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: WinMain()
// Desc: The application's entry point
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
WNDCLASSEX winClass;
MSG uMsg;
memset(&uMsg,0,sizeof(uMsg));
winClass.lpszClassName = "CLASS_MULTIVERTEXBUFFER";
winClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
winClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
winClass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
winClass.hInstance = hInstance;
winClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)NULL);
winClass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)NULL);
winClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
winClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
winClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
winClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
winClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
if(!RegisterClassEx(&winClass))
return E_FAIL;
g_hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, "CLASS_MULTIVERTEXBUFFER",
WINDOW_TITLE,
WS_EX_TOPMOST, 0, 0,
WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, NULL, NULL,
hInstance, NULL);
if(g_hWnd == NULL)
return E_FAIL;
// Adjust window
RECT rect = { 0, 0, WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT };
AdjustWindowRect(&rect, GetWindowLong(g_hWnd, GWL_STYLE), FALSE);
SetWindowPos(g_hWnd, 0, 0, 0, rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top,
SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOMOVE);
ShowWindow(g_hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(g_hWnd);
// Init or reset D3D
InitD3D();
while(uMsg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(PeekMessage(&uMsg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&uMsg);
DispatchMessage(&uMsg);
}
else
{
// Render a frame
Render();
}
}
ShutDown();
UnregisterClass("CLASS_MULTIVERTEXBUFFER", winClass.hInstance);
return uMsg.wParam;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: WindowProc()
// Desc: The window's message handler
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static POINT ptLastMousePos;
static POINT ptCurrentMousePos;
static bool bDraging;
switch(msg)
{
case WM_KEYDOWN:
{
switch(wParam)
{
case VK_ESCAPE:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case 0x31: // 1
{
// 最近点采样
g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT );
g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT );
}
break;
case 0x32: // 2
{
// 线性纹理过滤
g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR );
g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR );
}
break;
}
}
break;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
{
ptLastMousePos.x = ptCurrentMousePos.x = LOWORD (lParam);
ptLastMousePos.y = ptCurrentMousePos.y = HIWORD (lParam);
bDraging = true;
}
break;
case WM_LBUTTONUP:
{
bDraging = false;
}
break;
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
{
ptCurrentMousePos.x = LOWORD (lParam);
ptCurrentMousePos.y = HIWORD (lParam);
if( bDraging )
{
g_fSpinX -= (ptCurrentMousePos.x - ptLastMousePos.x);
g_fSpinY -= (ptCurrentMousePos.y - ptLastMousePos.y);
}
ptLastMousePos.x = ptCurrentMousePos.x;
ptLastMousePos.y = ptCurrentMousePos.y;
}
break;
case WM_CLOSE:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
}
case WM_DESTROY:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
}
break;
default:
{
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
}
return 0;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: InitD3D()
// Desc: This function will only be called once during the application's
// initialization phase. Therefore, it can't contain any resources that
// need to be restored every time the Direct3D device is lost or the
// window is resized.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void InitD3D()
{
// Create D3D
g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
if(!g_pD3D)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Direct3DCreate9() - Failed!", "Error", NULL);
return;
}
D3DDISPLAYMODE d3ddm;
g_pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm);
ZeroMemory(&g_d3dpp, sizeof(g_d3dpp));
g_d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
g_d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
g_d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = d3ddm.Format;
g_d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
g_d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
g_d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;
g_pD3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
g_hWnd, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&g_d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice);
if(!g_pd3dDevice)
{
return;
}
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE );
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_ZENABLE, TRUE );
D3DXMATRIX matProj;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &matProj, D3DXToRadian( 45.0f ),
640.0f / 480.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f );
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProj );
// Create Texture
D3DXCreateTextureFromFileInMemory( g_pd3dDevice, &g_TexData, sizeof(g_TexData)/sizeof(BYTE), &g_pTexture);
if(!g_pTexture)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "D3DXCreateTextureFromFileInMemory() - Failed!", "Error", NULL);
return;
}
g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR );
g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR );
// Create the vertex buffer. Here we are allocating enough memory
// (from the default pool) to hold all our 3 custom vertices. We also
// specify the FVF, so the vertex buffer knows what data it contains.
g_nNumVertex = sizeof(g_VertexData)/sizeof(Vertex);
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( g_nNumVertex*sizeof(Vertex), 0, 0,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVertexBuffer,
NULL );
// Now we fill the vertex buffer. To do this, we need to Lock() the VB to
// gain access to the vertices. This mechanism is required becuase vertex
// buffers may be in device memory.
Vertex *pVertices = NULL;
g_pVertexBuffer->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_VertexData), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_VertexData, sizeof(g_VertexData) );
g_pVertexBuffer->Unlock();
// Create a vertex buffer that contains only the color data
g_nNumVertex = sizeof(g_VertexColor)/sizeof(Color);
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( g_nNumVertex*sizeof(Color), 0, 0,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pColorBuffer,
NULL );
void *pColors = NULL;
g_pColorBuffer->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_VertexColor), (void**)&pColors, 0 );
memcpy( pColors, g_VertexColor, sizeof(g_VertexColor) );
g_pColorBuffer->Unlock();
// Create a vertex buffer that contains only the texture coordinate data
g_nNumVertex = sizeof(g_TexCoord)/sizeof(TexCoord);
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( g_nNumVertex*sizeof(TexCoord), 0, 0,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pTexCoordBuffer,
NULL );
void *pTexCoords = NULL;
g_pTexCoordBuffer->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_TexCoord), (void**)&pTexCoords, 0 );
memcpy( pTexCoords, g_TexCoord, sizeof(g_TexCoord) );
g_pTexCoordBuffer->Unlock();
// Create a vertex declaration so we can describe to Direct3D how we'll be passing our data to it.
D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 dwDecl[] =
{
// Stream Offset Type Method Usage UsageIndex
{ 0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0 },
{ 1, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_D3DCOLOR, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_COLOR, 0 },
{ 2, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT2, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 0 },
D3DDECL_END()
};
// 创建顶点着色声明
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexDeclaration( dwDecl, &g_pVertexDeclaration );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: ShutDown()
// Desc: Release all
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void ShutDown(void)
{
Release_Safe(g_pVertexBuffer);
Release_Safe(g_pColorBuffer);
Release_Safe(g_pTexCoordBuffer);
Release_Safe(g_pTexture);
Release_Safe(g_pd3dDevice);
Release_Safe(g_pD3D);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: Render()
// Desc: Render something you want
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Render(void)
{
// Clear screen with D3DCOLOR_XRGB(80, 0, 80)
g_pd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(80, 0, 80), 1.0f, 0);
D3DXMATRIX matTrans;
D3DXMATRIX matRot;
D3DXMATRIX matWorld;
D3DXMatrixTranslation( &matTrans, 0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f );
D3DXMatrixRotationYawPitchRoll( &matRot,
D3DXToRadian(g_fSpinX),
D3DXToRadian(g_fSpinY),
0.0f );
matWorld = matRot * matTrans;
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &matWorld );
g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
// Render geometry here...
g_pd3dDevice->SetTexture( 0, g_pTexture );
g_pd3dDevice->SetVertexDeclaration( g_pVertexDeclaration );
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 1, g_pColorBuffer, 0, sizeof(Color) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 2, g_pTexCoordBuffer, 0, sizeof(TexCoord) );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 2 );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 4, 2 );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 8, 2 );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 12, 2 );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 16, 2 );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 20, 2 );
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
g_pd3dDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
这里需要说明的是首先定义了图片数据以及顶点的位置数据，颜色数据和纹理坐标数据。 再按以前的步骤创建DX应用程序，在创建设备后通过调用 D3DXCreateTextureFromFileInMemory 方法从内存图片数据创建纹理，通过调用 IDirect3DDevice9::CreateVertexBuffer 方法创建多个我们需要格式的顶点缓冲区，通过调用 IDirect3DDevice9::CreateVertexDeclaration 方法创建顶点着色声明。在渲染时调用 IDirect3DDevice9::SetTexture 设定纹理状态，调用 IDirect3DDevice9::SetVertexDeclaration 设定顶点数据流声明，再通过多次调用 IDirect3DDevice9::SetStreamSource 方法将不同的顶点缓冲区绑定到多个设备数据流上，最后通过调用 IDirect3DDevice9::DrawPrimitive 方法按照当前指定的顶点格式渲染无索引的顶点序列，最后显示出来。
下图为本例代码执行效果:
