在DirectX程序中我们可以使用 D3DPT_POINTLIST， D3DPT_LINELIST， D3DPT_LINESTRIP, D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN 几种图元类型绘制顶点。
我们先看以下使用这几种绘制图元类型的代码:
//********************************************************************
// Filename: Main.cpp
// Author: Chinafish
// Modifier: Chinafish
// Created: 2010-06-25 16:13
// Updated: 2010-06-25 16:13
// QQ: 149200849
// MSN: china_fish@msn.com
// Purpose: Primitive types.
//====================================================================
// Copyright(C) 2004-2010 by Chinafish. All Rights Reserved.
//********************************************************************
#define STRICT
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include "windows.h"
// Link D3D
#include "d3d9.h"
#include "d3dx9.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx9.lib")
#define Release_Safe(p){if(p!=NULL) p->Release();}
#define WINDOW_TITLE "www.csinx.org - Primitive Types (DX9+VC7)"
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 800
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 600
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GLOBALS
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HWND g_hWnd = NULL;
LPDIRECT3D9 g_pD3D = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice = NULL;
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS g_d3dpp;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pPointList_VB = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pLineStrip_VB = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pLineList_VB = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pTriangleList_VB = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pTriangleStrip_VB = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pTriangleFan_VB = NULL;
#define D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX ( D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE )
struct Vertex
{
float x, y, z; // Position of vertex in 3D space
DWORD color; // Color of vertex
};
bool g_bRenderInWireFrame = false;
//
// We'll store the vertex data in simple arrays until we're ready to load
// them into actual Direct3D Vertex Buffers. Seeing the vertices laid out
// like this should make it easier to understand how vertices need to be
// passed to be considered valid for each primitive type.
//
Vertex g_VertexData[] =
{
{-2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 2.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }
};
DWORD g_dwBackBufferWidth = 0;
DWORD g_dwBackBufferHeight = 0;
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// PROTOTYPES
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow);
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
void InitD3D();
void ShutDown(void);
void Render(void);
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: WinMain()
// Desc: The application's entry point
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
WNDCLASSEX winClass;
MSG uMsg;
memset(&uMsg,0,sizeof(uMsg));
winClass.lpszClassName = "CLASS_PRIMITIVETYPES";
winClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
winClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
winClass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
winClass.hInstance = hInstance;
winClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)NULL);
winClass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)NULL);
winClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
winClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
winClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
winClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
winClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
if(!RegisterClassEx(&winClass))
return E_FAIL;
g_hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, "CLASS_PRIMITIVETYPES",
WINDOW_TITLE,
WS_EX_TOPMOST, 0, 0,
WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, NULL, NULL,
hInstance, NULL);
if(g_hWnd == NULL)
return E_FAIL;
// Adjust window
RECT rect = { 0, 0, WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT };
AdjustWindowRect(&rect, GetWindowLong(g_hWnd, GWL_STYLE), FALSE);
SetWindowPos(g_hWnd, 0, 0, 0, rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top,
SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOMOVE);
ShowWindow(g_hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(g_hWnd);
// Init or reset D3D
InitD3D();
while(uMsg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(PeekMessage(&uMsg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&uMsg);
DispatchMessage(&uMsg);
}
else
{
// Render a frame
Render();
}
}
ShutDown();
UnregisterClass("CLASS_PRIMITIVETYPES", winClass.hInstance);
return uMsg.wParam;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: WindowProc()
// Desc: The window's message handler
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(msg)
{
case WM_KEYDOWN:
{
switch(wParam)
{
case VK_ESCAPE:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case 0x57: // W
{
g_bRenderInWireFrame = !g_bRenderInWireFrame;
if( g_bRenderInWireFrame == true )
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME );
else
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_SOLID );
}
break;
}
}
break;
case WM_CLOSE:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
}
case WM_DESTROY:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
}
break;
default:
{
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
}
return 0;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: InitD3D()
// Desc: This function will only be called once during the application's
// initialization phase. Therefore, it can't contain any resources that
// need to be restored every time the Direct3D device is lost or the
// window is resized.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void InitD3D()
{
// Create D3D
g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
if(!g_pD3D)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Direct3DCreate9() - Failed!", "Error", NULL);
return;
}
D3DDISPLAYMODE d3ddm;
g_pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm);
ZeroMemory(&g_d3dpp, sizeof(g_d3dpp));
g_d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
g_d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
g_d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = d3ddm.Format;
g_d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
g_d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
g_d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;
g_pD3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
g_hWnd, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&g_d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice);
if(!g_pd3dDevice)
{
return;
}
//
// Cache the width & height of the back-buffer...
//
LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 pBackBuffer = NULL;
D3DSURFACE_DESC d3dsd;
g_pd3dDevice->GetBackBuffer(0, 0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &pBackBuffer);
pBackBuffer->GetDesc(&d3dsd);
pBackBuffer->Release();
g_dwBackBufferWidth = d3dsd.Width;
g_dwBackBufferHeight = d3dsd.Height;
// Light and cullmode
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE);
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);
D3DXMATRIX mProjection;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &mProjection, D3DXToRadian( 45.0f ), 1.0f, 1.0f, 100.0f );
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &mProjection );
Vertex *pVertices = NULL;
//
// Point List
//
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 8*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pPointList_VB,
NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pPointList_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_VertexData), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_VertexData, sizeof(g_VertexData) );
g_pPointList_VB->Unlock();
//
// Line List
//
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 8*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pLineList_VB,
NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pLineList_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_VertexData), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_VertexData, sizeof(g_VertexData) );
g_pLineList_VB->Unlock();
//
// Line Strip
//
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 8*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pLineStrip_VB,
NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pLineStrip_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_VertexData), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_VertexData, sizeof(g_VertexData) );
g_pLineStrip_VB->Unlock();
//
// Triangle List
//
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 8*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pTriangleList_VB,
NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pTriangleList_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_VertexData), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_VertexData, sizeof(g_VertexData) );
g_pTriangleList_VB->Unlock();
//
// Triangle Strip
//
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 8*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pTriangleStrip_VB,
NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pTriangleStrip_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_VertexData), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_VertexData, sizeof(g_VertexData) );
g_pTriangleStrip_VB->Unlock();
//
// Triangle Fan
//
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 8*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pTriangleFan_VB,
NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pTriangleFan_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_VertexData), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_VertexData, sizeof(g_VertexData) );
g_pTriangleFan_VB->Unlock();
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: ShutDown()
// Desc: Release all
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void ShutDown(void)
{
Release_Safe(g_pPointList_VB);
Release_Safe(g_pLineList_VB);
Release_Safe(g_pLineStrip_VB);
Release_Safe(g_pTriangleList_VB);
Release_Safe(g_pTriangleStrip_VB);
Release_Safe(g_pTriangleFan_VB);
Release_Safe(g_pd3dDevice);
Release_Safe(g_pD3D);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: Render()
// Desc: Render something you want
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Render(void)
{
D3DXMATRIX mWorld;
D3DXMatrixTranslation( &mWorld, 0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f );
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &mWorld );
int nNum = sizeof(g_VertexData)/sizeof(Vertex);
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
D3DVIEWPORT9 vp1;
vp1.X = 0;
vp1.Y = 0;
vp1.Width = (g_dwBackBufferWidth-20) / 3 + 10;
vp1.Height = g_dwBackBufferHeight / 2;
vp1.MinZ = 0.0f;
vp1.MaxZ = 1.0f;
g_pd3dDevice->SetViewport(&vp1);
// Clear screen with D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0)
g_pd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
// Render geometry here...
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pPointList_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
// D3DPT_POINTLIST
// D3DPT_LINELIST
// D3DPT_LINESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST
// D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_POINTLIST, 0, nNum );
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
D3DVIEWPORT9 vp2;
vp2.X = 10 + (g_dwBackBufferWidth-20) / 3;
vp2.Y = 0;
vp2.Width = (g_dwBackBufferWidth-20) / 3;
vp2.Height = g_dwBackBufferHeight / 2;
vp2.MinZ = 0.0f;
vp2.MaxZ = 1.0f;
g_pd3dDevice->SetViewport( &vp2 );
// Clear screen with D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0)
g_pd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
// Render geometry here...
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pLineList_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
// D3DPT_POINTLIST
// D3DPT_LINELIST
// D3DPT_LINESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST
// D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, nNum / 2);
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
D3DVIEWPORT9 vp3;
vp3.X = 10 + ((g_dwBackBufferWidth-20) / 3) * 2;
vp3.Y = 0;
vp3.Width = (g_dwBackBufferWidth-20) / 3 + 10;
vp3.Height = g_dwBackBufferHeight / 2;
vp3.MinZ = 0.0f;
vp3.MaxZ = 1.0f;
g_pd3dDevice->SetViewport(&vp3);
// Clear screen with D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0)
g_pd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
// Render geometry here...
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pLineStrip_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
// D3DPT_POINTLIST
// D3DPT_LINELIST
// D3DPT_LINESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST
// D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_LINESTRIP, 0, nNum - 1);
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
D3DVIEWPORT9 vp4;
vp4.X = 0;
vp4.Y = g_dwBackBufferHeight / 2;
vp4.Width = (g_dwBackBufferWidth-20) / 3 + 10;
vp4.Height = g_dwBackBufferHeight / 2;
vp4.MinZ = 0.0f;
vp4.MaxZ = 1.0f;
g_pd3dDevice->SetViewport(&vp4);
// Clear screen with D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0)
g_pd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
// Render geometry here...
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pTriangleList_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
// D3DPT_POINTLIST
// D3DPT_LINELIST
// D3DPT_LINESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST
// D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, nNum / 3 );
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
D3DVIEWPORT9 vp5;
vp5.X = 10 + (g_dwBackBufferWidth-20) / 3;
vp5.Y = g_dwBackBufferHeight / 2;
vp5.Width = (g_dwBackBufferWidth-20) / 3;
vp5.Height = g_dwBackBufferHeight / 2;
vp5.MinZ = 0.0f;
vp5.MaxZ = 1.0f;
g_pd3dDevice->SetViewport( &vp5 );
// Clear screen with D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0)
g_pd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
// Render geometry here...
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pTriangleStrip_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
// D3DPT_POINTLIST
// D3DPT_LINELIST
// D3DPT_LINESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST
// D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, nNum - 2 );
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
D3DVIEWPORT9 vp6;
vp6.X = 10 + ((g_dwBackBufferWidth-20) / 3) * 2;
vp6.Y = g_dwBackBufferHeight / 2;
vp6.Width = (g_dwBackBufferWidth-20) / 3 + 10;
vp6.Height = g_dwBackBufferHeight / 2;
vp6.MinZ = 0.0f;
vp6.MaxZ = 1.0f;
g_pd3dDevice->SetViewport(&vp6);
// Clear screen with D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0)
g_pd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
// Render geometry here...
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pTriangleFan_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
// D3DPT_POINTLIST
// D3DPT_LINELIST
// D3DPT_LINESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST
// D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP
// D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN, 0, nNum - 2);
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
g_pd3dDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
框架代码我们在前面已经有说明，这里需要说明的是首先要定义顶点数据结构，这里定义了3D坐标和颜色。在创建设备后通过调用 IDirect3DDevice9::CreateVertexBuffer 方法创建我们需要的顶点缓冲区。在渲染时调用 IDirect3DDevice9::SetStreamSource 方法将顶点缓冲区绑定到设备数据流上，通过调用 IDirect3DDevice9::SetFVF 方法指定当前顶点数据流声明，通过调用 IDirect3DDevice9::DrawPrimitive 方法按照当前指定的顶点格式渲染无索引的顶点序列，最后显示出来。
下图为本例代码执行效果:
